What is a ritornello?

A ritornello (Italian for "little return") is a recurring instrumental passage or section in a vocal or choral work.

• Function: The primary function of a <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/ritornello%20form">ritornello form</a> is to provide structure and coherence. It acts as a refrain, returning multiple times throughout the piece, often in different keys or with slight variations.

• Location: It typically appears at the beginning of a movement, returns between vocal sections, and often concludes the movement.

• Baroque Era: The <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/ritornello">ritornello</a> was particularly important in the <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/baroque%20music">Baroque music</a> era, especially in concertos (solo and grosso) and arias.

• Structure: Ritornellos can be quite extensive, providing a substantial amount of musical material. They often feature distinct thematic elements that are easily recognizable.

• Purpose: Beyond structural organization, the <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/ritornello">ritornello</a> can also serve to provide contrast with the vocal sections and showcase the virtuosity of the instrumental ensemble. It may even be used for dramatic effect, highlighting the emotional content of the vocal parts.